English Deutsch Erklarung UNIT 18 Beispiele Market leader
Marktfuhrer someone or something that is winning during a race or
other situation where people are competing A company’s sales
expressed as a percentage of the total market Short-term tactics
designed to stimulate stronger sales of a product The situation in
which there is only one seller of a product; a market in a
particular product in which a single producer can fix an artificial
price.
Companies offering similar goods or services to the same set
of customers A short and easily memorized phrase used in
advertising The division of a market into submarkets according to
the needs or buying habits of different groups of potential
customers A small and specific market segment; an area or position
which is exactly suitable for a small group of the same type
Microsoft is a world leader in software design. Market share
Marktanteil Promotion, Warenangebot Monopol, Monopolstellung The
company has increased its market share. Promotion
There was a promotion in the supermarket and they were giving
away free glasses of wine. The government is determined to protect
its tobacco monopoly. Monopoly Competitors Konkurrenten
Werbespruch, Motto, Slogan Marktsegmentierung, Marktunterteilung
Nische Their prices are better than any of their competitors. an
advertising slogan Slogan Market segmentation City Insurance
segmented the market into three by issuing three types of policy.
Niche an ecological niche. 1 Differential advantage Turnover
Differentialvorteil, -vorzug Umsatz Rezession Perfekter
Wettbewerb
A factor which makes you superior to competitors in a certain
respect A business’s total sales revenue A period during which an
economy is working below its potential When products are
homogeneous, and there are a great many firms too small to have any
influence on the market price, and firms can easily enter and exit
the industry Situation in which there is only one buyer Industry in
which the efficient existence of more than one producer is
impossible; examples include public utilities such as water, gas
and electricity, where it would be inefficient to have several
competing companies laying their own networks of pipes or cables.
When many producers of slightly differentiated products are
able to sell them at well above their marginal costs. A
concentrated market dominated by a few large suppliers. This is
very frequent in manufacturing because of economies of scale and
the cost barriers of entering and industry Factors which cause the
average cost of producing something to fall as output increases.
Large supermarkets have high turnovers (= their goods sell very
quickly). The country is sliding into the depths of (a) recession.
The two companies are in competition with each other. Recession
Perfect competition Monopsony Natural monopoly
Monopson Naturliches Monopol Monopolistic competition
Monopolistischer Wettbewerb Oligopoly Oligopol Economies of scale
Massenproduktionsvorteile 2 Barriers to entry Zugangsbeschrankungen
Economic or technical factors that make it difficult or impossible
for firms to enter a market or compete with existing suppliers. One
in which a market leader can indicate its preferred price to
smaller competitors. Dominant-firm oligopoly Cartel Kartell Group
of producers or sellers who fix prices and quantities in order to
avoid competition and increase profits. This is illegal in many
countries, most notably the USA an oil cartel 3 UNIT 19
Innovation Innovation, Neuerung Streuen, aufteilen
Fusionieren, verschmelzen, Uberfall, Angriff Designing new products
and bringing then to the market To expand into new fields To unite,
combine, amalgamate, integrate or join together Buying another
company’s shares on the stock exchange, hoping to persuade enough
other shareholders to sell to take control of the company A public
offer to a company’s shareholders to buy their shares, at a
particular price during a particular period, so as to acquire a
company To merge with or take over other firms producing the same
type of goods or services Joining with firms in other stages of the
production or sale of a product A merger with or the acquisition of
one’s suppliers A merger with or the acquisition of one’s marketing
outlets Combined production that is greater than the sum of the
separate parts Team work at its best results in a synergy that can
be very productive. The company made a takeover bid for a rival
firm. the latest innovations in computer technology To diversify
Many wheat farmers have begun to diversify into other forms of
agriculture.
They decided to merge the two companies into one. To merge A
raid Takeover bid Ubernahmeangebot Horizontal Horizontal, waagrecht
Vertikal, senkrecht Rucklaufig, ruckwarts gerichtet Vorwarts,
voraus Synergie Draw a horizontal line across the bottom of the
page. vertical lines/stripes Vertical Backward Forward Synergy 4
UNIT 23 Printing money and destroying it Setting interest rates,
ceilings & floors Commercial banking supervision Controlling
the amount of banknotes in circulation Establishing maximum and
minimum lending rates, thereby controlling the credit system
Ensuring that banks have a sufficient liquidity ratio to allow
customers to withdraw their deposits when they want
Intervening on foreign exchange markets, buying or selling
large amounts of the national currency, to prevent major
fluctuations Lending money to a commercial bank in danger of going
bankrupt Selling government bonds to commercial banks or buying
them back, in order to alter the amount of credit the banks can
offer (and thereby alter the money supply) Einkommensteuer Direkte
Steuer (nach oben) gestaffelte Steuer Indirekte Steuer
Mehrwertsteuer, Umsatzsteuer The tax people pay on their wages and
salaries A tax on wages and salaries or on company profits A tax
levied at a higher rate on higher incomes A tax paid on property,
sales transactions, imports, and so on A tax collected at each
stage of production, excluding the already-taxed costs from
previous Exchange rates supervision Act as a lender of los resort
Open market operations Income tax Direct tax Progressive tax
Indirect tax Value-added tax 5 tages Capital gains tax
Kapitalertragssteuer Erbschafts- und Schenkungssteuer
Reichensteuer, Vermogenssteuer Steuerhinterziehung (legale)
Steuervermeidung Abschreibung Abhaltung, negativer Anreiz
rucklaufig Konsum, Verbrauch, Verzerr selbststandig Staatliche
Sozialversicherung Leistungsanreiz, Vorteil Profits made by selling
assets are generally liable to Gifts and inheritances over a
certain value are often liable to The annual tax imposed on
people’s fortunes (in some countries) Making false declarations to
the tax authorities Reducing the amount of tax you pay to a legal
minimum Reducing the value of a fixed asset, by charging it against
profits Something which discourages an action An adjective
describing a tax that is proportionally higher for people with less
money Spending money to uy things, rather than saving it; Spending
on goods and services Working for yourself, being your own boss A
tax on incomes that pays for sickness benefit, unemployment
benefit, and old-age pensions Non-financial benefits or advantages
of a job A way to delay the payment of tax to a later time
Steuerlich absetzbar Describes expenditures that can be taken away
Capital transfer tax Wealth tax Tax evasion Tax avoidance
Depreciation Disincentive Regressive Consumption Self-employed
National insurance Perks Tax shelters Tax-deductible 6 from taxable
income or profits Tax havens Steueroasen A country offering very
low tax rates to foreign businesses 7 UNIT 25
Expectations Mortgage Erwartungen, Aussichten Hypothek,
Verpfanden Mieten, Pacht Output, Leistung Investition, Anlage
Industrielle Jemanden entlassen, feuern demografisch Einschrankung
Annahmen Ware, Handelsware Ausgleich, Gleichgewicht Beliefs about
what will happen in the future Money borrowed in order to buy a
house or flat or apartment Money paid for the use of a house or
flat owned by somebody else The amount of something produced by a
company, a country, and so on Spending on new machines, factories,
and so on Owners or managers of manufacturing companies To dismiss
employees Concerning the number of births, deaths, population
movements, and so on An absence of luxury and comfort something
that you accept as true without question or proof a substance or
product that can be traded, bought or sold a state of balance
People tend to make assumptions about you when you have a
disability. The country’s most valuable commodities include tin and
diamonds.
The disease destroys much of the inner-ear, disturbing the
animal’s equilibrium. Rent (Country’s) output Investment
Industrialists Lay off Demographic Austerity Assumptions Commodity
Equilibrium 8 Exchange Tauschen exogen Information Ressourcen,
Mittel when you give something to someone and they give you
something else They were given food and shelter in exchange for
work. Exogenous Information facts about a situation, person, event,
etc a useful or valuable possession or quality of a country,
organization or person I read an interesting bit/piece of
information in the newspaper. The country’s greatest resource is
the dedication of its workers. Resources 9 UNIT 27
Visible trade Invisible imports and exports Barter or
countertrade Balance of trade Warenverkehr, sichtbarer Handel
Inlandische Dienstleistung an Auslander, unsichtbarer Handel
Tauschhandel Handelsbilanz Zahlungsbilanz Trade in goods Trade in
services (banking, insurance, tourism, and so on) Direct exchanges
of goods, without the use of money The difference between what a
country receives and pays for its exports and imports of goods The
difference between a country’s total earnings from exports and its
total expenditure on imports The (impossible) situation in which a
country is completely self-sufficient and has no foreign trade A
positive balance of trade or payments A negative balance of trade
or payments Selling goods abroad at (or below) cost price Imposing
trade barriers in order to restrict imports Taxes charged on
imports Quantitative limits on the import of particular products or
commodities Balance of payments Autarky Autarkie, wirtschaftliche
Unabhangigkeit Uberschuss, Mehrbetrag Defizit, Verlust, Mangel
Preisunterbietung Protektionismus, Schutzzollpolitik Tarife, Zolle
Quoten Surplus Deficit Dumping Protectionism Tariffs Quotas 10
Infant industries
Kleinkinderbranchen UNIT 29 Market opportunity Marktchance
Menschen mit hohem Eigenkapital risikoscheu Borsennotiert, notiert
Gebuhr, Entgelt, Honorar Eigenkapital Laufende Kosten, variable
Kosten Marktdurchdringung Aufsichtsratsmitglied The possibility of
providing a new product or service to satisfy particular needs
People with a lot of money at their disposal Describes investors
who do not want to take risks with their money Describes companies
whose shares are traded on the stock exchange Money paid to
professional people for a job of work done Another word for stocks
or shares: a company’s own capital The day-to-day expenses of
operating a business.
The attempt to increase or maximize sales, and get a large
number of customers Directors who do not work full time for a
company, but advise it about strategic issues Individual consumers,
households, companies, organizations, etc. Vorausschau Seeing what
will happen in the future To do what you prefer to do, at the
lowest High net worth individuals Risk averse Listed Fee Equity
Running costs Market penetration Non-executive directors Economic
agents Foresight To maximize utility 11 possible cost Expectations
Erwartungen, Aussichten Existenzgrunder Wachsamkeit, Aufmerksamkeit
Unwissenheit Bewusstsein What people think or anticipate will
happen in the future A person who starts a business Being quick to
see, understand or act in new situations Not knowing about
something Knowing or being conscious of something Entrepreneur
Alertness Ignorance Awareness 12
